Which test would be most appropriate for screening for diabetes?

The fasting blood glucose level test is particularly suited for screening for diabetes because it measures the concentration of glucose in the blood after a period of fasting, usually overnight. This method is effective because it provides a baseline glucose level, minimizing the impact of recent meals on blood sugar levels. A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.

While other tests, such as the random blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test, and hemoglobin A1c test, are also useful for diagnosing diabetes, the fasting blood glucose level is a standard approach and is often recommended as part of routine screenings. Random blood glucose tests can indicate diabetes but are less reliable without fasting since they can fluctuate with food intake. The oral glucose tolerance test is more comprehensive but involves a more complex process that is typically used when further confirmation is needed. The hemoglobin A1c test reflects average blood glucose levels over a period of time, making it useful for monitoring management but not always the first choice for initial screening.