What is the least invasive device to prevent upper airway obstruction in an alert and conscious patient?

The nasopharyngeal airway is considered the least invasive device for preventing upper airway obstruction in an alert and conscious patient. Its design allows the device to be inserted into the nasopharynx, providing a clear airway while minimizing discomfort and maintaining the patient's ability to maintain their own respiratory drive.

Unlike the oropharyngeal airway, which can be problematic in conscious patients due to its stimulating effect on the gag reflex, the nasopharyngeal airway typically avoids this issue, making it more suitable for maintaining an open airway in a cooperative patient. Additionally, it does not require the same level of manipulation and can be tolerated even when the patient is responsive.

In contrast, both the endotracheal tube and tracheostomy tube involve more invasive procedures requiring greater training and may cause discomfort or additional complications. These devices are usually reserved for patients who cannot maintain their airway or require mechanical ventilation, not for those who are alert and conscious. Thus, the nasopharyngeal airway remains the best choice in non-emergency settings for patients who are still able to protect their airway.