What impact does an inadequately sized ETT have during mechanical ventilation?

An inadequately sized endotracheal tube (ETT) can significantly increase the work of breathing during mechanical ventilation. When the ETT is too small or improperly sized, it creates higher airflow resistance. This increased resistance makes it more difficult for the ventilator to deliver air effectively to the lungs, leading to a higher demand on the respiratory muscles to maintain adequate ventilation.

Increased work of breathing can result in patient discomfort, distress, and the potential for respiratory muscle fatigue, especially in patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation support. An appropriately sized ETT is crucial for ensuring adequate airflow, reducing resistance, and decreasing the overall work imposed on both the ventilator and the lungs during mechanical ventilation.