What condition typically requires the use of long-term mechanical ventilation?

Long-term mechanical ventilation is often required for patients with conditions that result in significant and persistent respiratory failure. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by severe lung inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange. While ARDS may initially be treated with non-invasive or invasive ventilation options, many patients experience prolonged respiratory issues due to the severity of their underlying lung injury. In chronic or severe cases where patients do not improve sufficiently on conventional therapies, long-term mechanical ventilation becomes necessary to support their oxygenation and ventilation needs.

In contrast, conditions like acute bronchitis and asthma exacerbations typically involve acute episodes that may resolve with appropriate treatments like bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications. Intermittent lung diseases can also be managed without the need for long-term ventilation, depending on the disease's nature and severity. These conditions often do not lead to the sustained respiratory failure that necessitates prolonged mechanical support, making ARDS the more relevant choice for requiring long-term ventilation.